Development and Productivity of the Serbian Oat Cultivars under Agrometeorological conditions in Bulgaria

Within the period 2006 – 2008 in the experimental field of the Plant growing Department at the Agricultural University – Plovdiv, Republic of Bulgaria a comparative test was carried out with three cultivars of Serbian oats (Slavuj, Lovken, Rajac) compared to the Bulgarian standard for springcultivars – "Obraztsov Chiflik 4". Block method was repeated three times. The cultivars were sown in March; sowing rate – 600 germinating seeds per m2. Phenological observations were carried out. The level of tillering as well as other basic elements of productivity formed under the specific agrometeorological conditions of 2006, 2007 and 2008 were found out. The elements of panicle and its productiveness were analyzed. The yield of the tested Serbian cultivars as per 1 da under the weather conditions in Central Southern Bulgaria was also evaluated. The Serbian cultivars were considered highly adaptive. The Lovken cultivar proved best yield results

Speech at the National Press Club, Washington D.C.

During 2015-2016, research with 10 cotton varieties (lines 5136, 5140 and 5141, created at the Institute in Strumica and Bulgarian varieties Chirpan 539, Veno, Perla 267, Avangard 264, Colorit 409, Helius 288 and Natalia 361) was done in the agro ecological conditions of Strumica region. The aim was to study the biological and agricultural characteristics of cotton varieties.    The experiments were done in three repetitions following a randomized block system and with size of experimental field parcel to 14m2. All examined varieties in agroecological conditions in Strumica fall in medium early-matured varieties, with a vegetation period of 125-130 days. The lines belong to the group of early-matured varieties with a vegetation period of 116-118 days. The yields of the dry cotton in the years of research are from 2853 kg/ha at the Bulgarian variety Colorit, to 5158 kg/ha at the variety Veno. The highest randman from the domestic genotypes has the line 5141 (42,6%),  and from the Bulgarian genotypes Chirpan 539 (45,4%) and Helius 204 (43,8%)

The influence of the temperature at the intensity of the spread of the cotton bollworm (heliothis obsoleta fabr. = helicoverpa armigera hb.) as a pest of the peppers in the Strumica region

H. armigera is typical polyphagous insect which attacks: tomatoes, peppers, tobacco, maize, cotton, garlic, onions, cabbage, soy, beans and many other leguminous and pumpkin crops and various weed plants. The damages from the cotton bollworm have economic importance, especially when the species is in progradation. It is widespread all over the world, especially in warmer climates. The increase in the population of this cotton bollworm is associated with global warming

Characteristics of some Macedonian and introduced oats genotypes cultivated in organic and conventional production

In the period 2005-2007 trials with five oats populations (Krivogastani,Trebenishta,Radolishta, Bugarija, Kuceviste) and three oats varieties Rajac, Slavuj and Lovćen), were carried out. The trials were set up in conditions of organic and conventional production. The main objective of this investigation was to determine the differences in some morphological characteristics of the tested genotypes, which directly or indirectly affect the yield, and also, to determine the differences that came up as a result of the different systems of production (conventional and organic production). The average height of the oats plant cultivated in organic production (114,4 cm) was higher absolutely by 2,2 cm or relatively by 2.0% than the height of the oats plant cultivated in conventional production. The system of production showed no effect on the length of the panicle. The yield of oats grain by panicle in organic production (3,30 g) was higher absolutely by 0,3 g or relatively by 9.1% than the yield of oats grain by panicle in conventional production (3,0 g). The system of production did not impact significantly on the percentage of the glumes. The lowest percentage of glumes in both systems of production gavevariety Rajac

Examination of Some Morphological Features of Domestic Populations of Flax (Linum Ustitassimum L.), in the Agro Ecological Conditions in Strumica, Republic of Macedonia

The research was conducted in a period of two years (2007 and 2008) on five flax genotypes, 4 of which are domestic populations, intermediate (transitional) linen (velusina, duferin , belan , belinka) and an introduced french variety of fiber flax (viking). The number of seeds in the fruit, in both years of research, is statistically different among different varieties. In two years of testing , the lowest number of seeds in the fruit had population velusina (3,3 in 2007 and 3,5 in 2008), and the most number of seeds reached population duferin (5.5 in 2007 and 5.7 in 2008). There is a statistically valid difference for the number of fruits per flax plant among the tested varieties. The lowest number of fruits per plant had population belan (23,1 in 2007 and 24,8 in 2008), and the most had a variety viking (29,0 in 2007 and 29,3 in 2009). In the two years of research, the largest absolute mass of the seed had population velusina (6,8 g and 6,6 g respectively), and the lowest population belinka (4,1 g and 4,5 g respectively). Among the many varieties there are statistically significant differences. The highest average height, in the two-year research, regardless of the years of testing, had population belinka (78,9 cm), and the lowest population velusina (67,1 cm). The highest average seed yield per flax plant in the two-year research, regardless of the year of investigation, had viking variety (0,73 g), and the lowest population velusina population (0,55 g)

Analysis of the Quality of Oats (Avena Sativa L.) Grown In Conditions of Organic Production

During 2015 and 2016 the research of 11 oats genotypes is conducted, in conditions of organic production. Three of the oats genotypes are domestic populations, Krivogastani, Trebenista and Kuceviste, and the others are introduced varieties: Rajac, Slavuj and Lovken from Serbia, Kupa, Baranja, Eksplorer, Sampionka and Istra from Croatia. The phenological surveys, during the research showed that the vegetation period of the spring oat genotypes, grown in condition of organic production, is 100 – 110 days. The oats was sown in March, and the full maturity was reached in July, in each year of the research. In both years of research, the highest absolute mass of the grain had variety Istra (34,60 g in 2015 and 29,60 in 2016), while, the lowest had the population Krivogastani (12,3 g in 2015 and 14,90 g in 2016). There are very significant statistical differences between the varieties. The hectoliter mass of the grain is statistically different in different varieties, in the both years of the research. Rajac variety showed the lowest hectoliter mass in both experimental years (23,66 kg/hl in 2015 and 31,5kg/hl in 2016). The highest hectoliter mass in 2015 had Istra variety (42,05 kg/hl), and in 2016, it was Krivogastani population (36 kg/hl). The highest oats plants, in both years of research, were Krivogastani population (116,7 cm in 2015 and 143,3 cm in 2016). The lowest plants were Kupa variety (78,3 cm in 2015 and 83,4 cm in 2016). The comparison between varieties showed that there are statistically significant differences

Application of cluster analysis for evaluation of new Bulgarian and Macedonian cotton varieties and lines

The aim of this study was to assess the genetic distance between eleven Bulgarian and four Macedonian cotton varieties by applying the method of cluster analysis. The trial was carried out in 2008 and 2009. The cluster analysis based on the varieties agronomic and fiber technological properties confirmed the genetic differences between them. The varieties grouped into two basic groups depending on the breeding directions and breeding methods. Some varieties were genetically very similar and they could be included in one breeding program for rapid breeding effect. The Macedonian varieties and lines were genetically distant from some Bulgarian varieties and their including in one breeding program can has a good effect. The year conditions had influence on genetic similarity and genetic remoteness as a result of predetermination of genetic formulas controlling the traits. In Strumica the varieties differentiated stronger in yield and lint percentage and weaker in fiber length

Ентомофауна кај домати во заштитен простор при конвенционално и интегрално производство

Доматот е една од економски поважните култури во Македонија, а особено во Струмичкиот регион, каде што претставува водечка култура во градинарското производство во заштитени простори. Се одгледува во пластеници и оранжерии во периодот од јануари во услови на греење, март и април без греење, од мај, јуни до ноември, како рано, средно рано и касно производство. Раното и средно раното производство зафаќаат околу 90% од површините од 6 271 ha (просек 2000-2006 год.), колку што се застапени под оваа култура кај нас, а само 10% од застапените површини под оваа култура му припаѓаат на касното производство. Доматот е подложен на напади на голем број штетни инсекти и пајачиња. Некои од штетните инсекти кај доматот се хранат со грицкање на растителното ткиво, а некои преку смукање на растителниот сок. Секундарни оштетувања се јавуваат кога нивните отпадни производи (медната роса), ги покриваат растителните делови, затворајќи ги стомините отвори со што го спречуваат процесот на дишење. Но, голем дел од штетните инсекти, исто така, се активни преносители на вирусните заболувања, од заразени на здрави растенија. Дел од ентомофауната на доматот ја сочинуваат и карниворни видови (предатори), кои, хранејќи се со други инсекти, ја регулираат популацијата на штетните инсекти. Главна цел на нашите испитувања ќе биде утврдувањето на фаунистичкиот состав на штетниците и предаторите на доматот одгледуван во заштитени простори, при што детално ќе се утврди нивниот квалитативен и квантитативен состав во ентомофауната на доматот. Исто така ќе се направи една споредба на штетниците, како и на предаторите кои се појавиле во заштитени простори како рано производство и во заштитените простори во услови на летно-есенско (касно) производство. Ќе се направи и детална анализа на присуството на штетниците и карниворните видови при конвенционалното и интегралното производство на доматите во заштитен простор

Use of Orius laevigatus to control Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) population in greenhouse pepper

Although chemical pesticides play a vital role in controlling the number of harmful insects, they also contribute to accelerate pollution of soil, air and water. Due to the frequent use, insects become resistant to active ingredients very quickly; they destroy the natural enemies of the pests, and have a harmful effect on humans. Accordingly, the application of biological protection, that is, the use of living organisms (predators and parasites) in plant protection programs in protected areas, takes on a larger scale worldwide rather than the use of chemical pesticides. The aim of our research was determining the effectiveness of pirate bug Orius laevigatus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on reducing the population of Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). Experiment was set in commercial greenhouses (3 unheated plastic tunnels, ca. 125 m2, each), located in the area of Dabilje, Republic of Macedonia, during 2019 and 2020. The results obtained correspond to our expectation in controlling the population of the trips. Predator proved to be effective in reducing the number of thrips population

Impact of insecticides on beneficial organisms

In the process of increasing crop production, the use of insecticides is much greater than in the past. These chemicals have largely emerged since the introduction of synthetic insecticides in 1940, when organochlorine insecticides were the first used to control pests. Insecticides are now an integral part of our modern life and are used to protect agricultural production, storage products, as well as to destroy pests that transmit dangerous infectious diseases. It would be ideal if the applied insecticides are toxic only to the target organisms, biodegradable and environmentally friendly to some extent. But, the most of them are non-specific and, in addition to pests, destroy organisms that are harmless or beneficial to the ecosystem (predators, pollinators) or affect their proper growth and development